![]() ![]() Studies have shown that quaternate ammonium salts are vulnerable to organic matter and usually fail when they are used alone. Cationic surfactants also produce synergistic fungicidal effects by combining with nitrogen moiety, pyridine, or quacking ( Brandes et al., 1993). It is often used as a compound or monomer disinfectant ( Hidalgo and Dominguez, 2001 Bhende and Spangler, 2004 Chapman et al., 2012). Chlorhexidine gluconate is one of the most widely used antimicrobial agents because it has broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and is compatible with many kinds of materials ( Sandle, 2019). Previous studies have shown that the combination of a quaternary ammonium salt with chlorhexidine gluconate produces a synergistic effect. Quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant plays a vital role in the prevention of animal diseases ( Ioannou and Hanlon, 2007 Murguía et al., 2008 Giardino et al., 2016 Zhang et al., 2016 Song et al., 2018). Therefore, it is important to develop new broad-spectrum disinfectants. However, these disinfectants are prone to produce resistance and drug residues after long-term use, and some of them also have the problems of causing irritation and corrosion. At present, disinfectants commonly used in poultry farms include peroxyacetic acid, sodium hydroxide, povidone-iodine, and quick limes. Disinfectants play an important role in reducing the occurrence of infectious diseases that affect the development of the poultry industry. They not only cause an increase in mortality and the economic loss of poultry products, but also pose a serious threat to human health. Microbial infections are one of the most harmful diseases to the poultry industry ( Ho et al., 2010 Medzhitov et al., 2012). This study provides a technical reference for the development of a new quaternate ammonium compound disinfectant with strong disinfection effect and low irritation. These results show that quaternary ammonium salts in combination with other compounds can enhance the bactericidal effect and can be used safely in poultry feedlots. Clinical tests showed that compound disinfectant had a good bactericidal effect on the air and ground of poultry farms. The bactericidal effect of the compound disinfectants was not significantly different among strains of different sources ( p>0.05). In vivo experiment showed that both compound disinfectants did not have significant pathological effect in mice. ![]() Ames test showed that there was no detectable mutagenicity in the strains treated with the compound disinfectants. Quaternary ammonium disinfectant resistance genes were not detected in the strains tested indicating that bacteria are less likely to develop resistance to these compound disinfectants. ![]() The results showed that both compound disinfectants meet the requirements of microbial reduction, and their effectiveness was not affected by organic matter. The antimicrobial activity, mutagenicity, and safety of the compound disinfectants were assessed by the European Standard methods using ATCC strains and clinical isolates. In order to prepare an ideal disinfectant for poultry farms, we combined a quaternate ammonium salt N-dodecyl-2-(piridin-1-ium)acetamide chloride with two other disinfectants (chlorhexidine acetate and glutaraldehyde), respectively. ![]() Quaternate ammonium salt is a group of positively charged polyatomic ions with both antibacterial and antiviral activities. With the development of large-scale and intensive poultry farming, environmental disinfection has become particularly important, and the effectiveness of disinfection depends upon the performance of the disinfectants. 4Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals of College of Heilongjiang Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China.3National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Nonclinical Safety Evaluation Research of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.2Microbiology Research Laboratory, Branch of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar, China.1College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, HeiLongJiang BaYi Agricultural University, Daqing, China.Nannan Chen 1,2 † Pingwei Qin 2 † Yu Liu 1 Ying Yang 3 Hairuo Wen 3 Lihua Jia 4 Jing Li 1 Zhanbo Zhu 1 * ![]()
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